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1 level of invention
Патенты: изобретательский уровень, уровень изобретения -
2 level of invention
уровень изобретения; изобретательский уровень -
3 level of invention
Англо-русский словарь по исследованиям и ноу-хау > level of invention
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4 level
уровень; ступень- level of invention
- experience level
- intelligence level
- inventive level
- subsistence level
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5 inventive level
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6 Since the invention on claim 41 clearly follow from the prior art it can not be recognized that this invention has inventive level.
Общая лексика: Поскольку изобретение, заявленное в п.41, явным образом следует из уровня техники, не можетУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Since the invention on claim 41 clearly follow from the prior art it can not be recognized that this invention has inventive level.
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7 guarantee of invention level
Англо-русский словарь по исследованиям и ноу-хау > guarantee of invention level
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8 изобретательский уровень
Русско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > изобретательский уровень
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9 уровень изобретения
level of invention, merit of inventionРусско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > уровень изобретения
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10 Erfindungshöhe
Erfindungshöhe f PAT inventive step* * *f < Patent> inventive step* * *Erfindungshöhe
(Patentrecht) amount (level) of invention, inventive merit (level);
• unzureichende Erfindungshöhe insufficient subject matter;
• Erfindungshöhe bestreiten (Patentrecht) to deny the inventive level;
• Erfindungshöhe erreichen to amount to invention;
• Erfindungshöhe verneinen to deny the inventive step. -
11 уровень изобретения
1) Law: degree of inventiveness2) Patents: inventive height, inventive level, level of invention, merit of invention3) Business: inventive stepУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > уровень изобретения
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12 изобретательский уровень
1) Law: degree of inventiveness, inventive step2) Patents: inventive height, inventive level, level of invention, innovative activity (в Патентном законе Туниса (англ. версия) значит то же, что нормально называется inventive step)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > изобретательский уровень
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13 Erfindungshöhe
Er·fin·dungs·hö·heEinspruch wegen mangelnder \Erfindungshöhe allegation of obviousness -
14 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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15 Knight, Margaret E.
[br]b. 1838 Maine, USAd. 1914 USA[br]American inventor.[br]Little is known of Knight's childhood, except that she was probably educated to high school level. She made her first invention at the age of 12, after seeing a woman cotton-mill worker injured when a dislodged shuttle fell on her. Knight set herself to design a mechanism that would shut down the machine if the thread broke and caused a shuttle to fly out. The device was widely used by cotton and woollen mills. Between that and her first patent in 1870, little is known of her activities; but she then embarked on a career of invention, achieving over 90 of them, earning herself the title "the female Edison ". Perhaps her most notable invention was a machine for making paper bags with square or satchel bottoms, which proved to be of great benefit to shoppers until the advent of the plastic bag. It won her little financial reward, but a decoration from Queen Victoria. Her other two main inventions related to the manufacture of shoes and, around 1902, to a rotary automobile engine. She worked for various companies, assigning to them her patent rights, so that at her death her estate was valued at less than $300.[br]Further ReadingA.Stanley, 1993, Mothers and Daughters of Invention, Meruchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.LRD -
16 Monro, Philip Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 27 May 1946 London, England[br]English biologist, inventor of a water-purification process by osmosis.[br]Monro's whole family background is engineering, an interest he did not share. Instead, he preferred biology, an enthusiasm aroused by reading the celebrated Science of Life by H.G. and G.P.Wells and Julian Huxley. Educated at a London comprehensive school, Monro found it necessary to attend evening classes while at school to take his advanced level science examinations. Lacking parental support, he could not pursue a degree course until he was 21 years old, and so he gained valuable practical experience as a research technician. He resumed his studies and took a zoology degree at Portsmouth Polytechnic. He then worked in a range of zoology and medical laboratories, culminating after twelve years as a Senior Experimental Officer at Southampton Medical School. In 1989 he relinquished his post to devote himself fall time to developing his inventions as Managing Director of Hampshire Advisory and Technical Services Ltd (HATS). Also in 1988 he obtained his PhD from Southampton University, in the field of embryology.Monro had meanwhile been demonstrating a talent for invention, mainly in microscopy. His most important invention, however, is of a water-purification system. The idea for it came from Michael Wilson of the Institute of Dental Surgery in London, who evolved a technique for osmotic production of sterile oral rehydration solutions, of particular use in treating infants suffering from diarrhoea in third-world countries. Monro broadened the original concept to include dried food, intravenous solutions and even dried blood. The process uses simple equipment and no external power and works as follows: a dry sugar/salts mixture is sealed in one compartment of a double bag, the common wall of which is a semipermeable membrane. Impure water is placed in the empty compartment and the water transfers across the membrane by the osmotic force of the sugar/salts. As the pores in the membrane exclude all viruses, bacteria and their toxins, a sterile solution is produced.With the help of a research fellowship granted for humanitarian reasons at King Alfred College, Winchester, the invention was developed to functional prototype stage in 1993, with worldwide patent protection. Commercial production was expected to follow, if sufficient financial backing were forthcoming. The process is not intended to replace large installations, but will revolutionize the small-scale production of sterile water in scattered third-world communities and in disaster areas where normal services have been disrupted.HATS was awarded First Prize in the small business category and was overall prize winner in the Toshiba Year of Invention, received a NatWest/BP award for technology and a Prince of Wales Award for Innovation.[br]Bibliography1993, with M.Wilson and W.A.M.Cutting, "Osmotic production of sterile oral rehydration solutions", Tropical Doctor 23:69–72.LRD -
17 glatt
(Haar) straight; sleek; lank;(Lüge) downright;(Stoff) uncreased;(eben) smooth; even;(rutschig) slippery* * *glạtt [glat]1. adj comp -er or ordm;er['glɛtɐ] superl -este(r, s) or ordm;este(r, s) ['glɛtəstə]1) (= eben) smooth; Meer auch unruffled; Haar straight; (MED ) Bruch clean; Stoff (= faltenlos) uncreased; (= ungemustert) plain; (Aus) Mehl finely ground2) (= schlüpfrig) slipperyauf dem glatten Parkett der Außenpolitik ausrutschen — to come a cropper (Brit inf) or to blunder in the tricky area of foreign policy
3) (fig) Landung, Ablauf smoothdas kostet glatte 1.000 Euro — it costs a good 1,000 euros
5) (pej = allzu gewandt) smooth, slick2. adv comp -er or ordm; er,superl am -esten or ordm;esten1) (= eben) bügeln, hobeln, walzen (till) smooth; polieren highly; rühren till smooth; schneiden straightglatt rasiert (Mann, Kinn) — clean-shaven; Beine shaved
See:→ auch glatt kämmen, glatt legen etc2) (= problemlos) smoothlyer hat sich glatt aus der Affäre gezogen — he wriggled his way neatly out of the whole affair
See:→ auch glattgehenjdm etw glatt ins Gesicht sagen — to tell sb sth to his/her face
es kostete glatt EUR 10.000 — it cost a good 10,000 euros
* * *1) (very probably: It may easily rain tomorrow.) easily2) ((of something said, decided etc) definite; emphatic: a flat denial.) flat3) (definitely; emphatically: She flatly denied it.) flatly4) ((of hair) straight, thin, and usually greasy.) lank5) (neat and even: a clean cut.) clean6) sleekly8) (so smooth as to cause slipping: The path is slippery - watch out!) slippery10) (without lumps: Mix the ingredients to a smooth paste.) smooth11) (without problems or difficulties: a smooth journey; His progress towards promotion was smooth and rapid.) smooth12) ((too) agreeable and pleasant in manner etc: I don't trust those smooth salesmen.) smooth13) straight* * *[ˈglat]I. adjein \glattes Gesicht an unlined face\glattes Haar straight hair\glatte See calm [or smooth] [or unruffled] sea\glatter Stoff uncreased fabric\glatt rasiert clean-shavenetw \glatt bügeln to iron [out sep] sth, to iron sth smoothetw \glatt feilen to file sth smoothetw \glatt hobeln/schmirgeln to plane down/sand down sth\glatt kämmen to brush smooth\glatt pürieren to puree sth until smoothetw \glatt rühren to stir sth until smoothetw \glatt schleifen to grind sth smoothetw \glatt streichen to smooth out sth sep\glatt rechts stricken to knit garter stitchetw \glatt walzen to flatten sthetw \glatt ziehen to smooth out sth; Betttuch a. to straighten [out] sth3. (problemlos) smoothein \glatter Bruch MED a clean breakeine \glatte Landung a smooth landing\glatt aufgehen Rechnung to work out exactlyeine \glatte Lüge a downright [or blatant] [or barefaced] lie\glatter Unsinn sheer [or utter] nonsense7. TYPO\glatter Satz body [or straight] matterjdm etw \glatt ins Gesicht sagen to say sth [straight] to sb's faceetw \glatt ablehnen to turn sth down flatetw \glatt abstreiten [o leugnen] to flatly deny sthetw \glatt [und sauber] vergessen to clean forget sth* * *1.1) smooth; straight < hair>eine glatte Eins/Fünf — a clear A/E
etwas glatt hobeln/bügeln — plane/iron something smooth
den Boden glatt machen — level the ground
2) (rutschig) slippery3) nicht präd. (komplikationslos) smooth <landing, journey>; clean, straightforward < fracture>4) nicht präd. (ugs.): (offensichtlich) downright, outright < lie>; outright <deception, fraud>; sheer, utter <nonsense, madness, etc.>; pure, sheer < invention>, flat < refusal>; complete < failure>5) (allzu gewandt) smooth2.1)2) (komplikationslos) smoothlyglatt gehen — (ugs.) go smoothly
3) (ugs.): (rückhaltlos)jemandem etwas glatt ins Gesicht sagen — tell somebody something straight to his/her face
* * *A. adj1. Fell, Haut, Teig etc: smooth; Haut: auch soft; Haar: (nicht kraus) straight; Schnitt, Bruch: clean; Fläche etc: even; Meer: calm; (poliert) polished;glatt bügeln/schleifen iron/polish;glatt bürsten polish; (Haar) brush out;etwas glatt feilen/hobeln etc file/plane etc sth smooth;glatt rasiert clean-shaven;glatt rühren beat until smooth;glatt streichen smooth out; (Haar) smooth down3. fig Stil etc: smooth, polished; oft pej Person, Worte, Zunge: glib, smooth; Person auch: slick; (übermäßig höflich) oilyglatte Absage flat refusal;(ein) glatter Beweis proof positive;das ist glatter Mord! it’s sheer ( oder plain) murder!;glatte 1000 Dollar a cool thousand (dollars)B. adv1. smoothly;glatt anliegen fit closely;anliegen be flush with the wall etc;glatt rechts stricken knit plain, do plain knitting2. fig (ohne Probleme) smoothly, without a hitch;glatt durchschneiden cut clean through;glatt gewinnen win hands down3. umg (völlig) completely;glatt vergessen haben have completely ( oder clean) forgotten;glatt ablehnen/ableugnen flatly refuse/deny4. umg:er hat doch glatt behauptet, dass … he told me etc to my etc face that …;* * *1.1) smooth; straight < hair>eine glatte Eins/Fünf — a clear A/E
etwas glatt hobeln/bügeln — plane/iron something smooth
2) (rutschig) slippery3) nicht präd. (komplikationslos) smooth <landing, journey>; clean, straightforward < fracture>4) nicht präd. (ugs.): (offensichtlich) downright, outright < lie>; outright <deception, fraud>; sheer, utter <nonsense, madness, etc.>; pure, sheer < invention>, flat < refusal>; complete < failure>5) (allzu gewandt) smooth2.1)2) (komplikationslos) smoothlyglatt gehen — (ugs.) go smoothly
3) (ugs.): (rückhaltlos)jemandem etwas glatt ins Gesicht sagen — tell somebody something straight to his/her face
* * *adj.glossy adj.sleek adj.slick adj.smooth adj.unruffled adj. adv.point-blank adv.sleekly adv.slickly adv. -
18 descripción
f.1 description, definition, outline, describing.2 word picture.* * *1 description2 (acción de trazar) tracing, describing, description* * *noun f.* * *SF description* * *femenino description* * *= description, disclosure, identification, picture, specification, specifications, profiling, depiction, recounting, portrayal.Ex. The indexing process creates a description of a document or information, usually in some recognized and accepted style of format.Ex. The patent abstract is a concise statement of the technical disclosure of the patent and must emphasize that which is new in the context of the invention.Ex. The second step towards an index involves the identification of the concepts within a document which are worthy of indexing.Ex. No pretence is made of their being either a balanced or complete picture of the article.Ex. The Working Group was charged with the specification of the procedures and studies needed to undertake the tasks.Ex. The specifications, however, are confined to the overall structure and major functional components of the entry.Ex. Some excursions into cognitive science have led to the profiling of users' backgrounds, differences and immediate need.Ex. Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.Ex. This is a recounting of the technologies most likely to facilitate the sharing of resources among libraries.Ex. Pictorial sources are created by the portrayal of historical events or subjects using, inter alia, a paint brush, drawing-pen, or pencil, graphic techniques or the camera.----* área de descripción = area of description.* área de descripción física = physical description area.* Centro Internacional para la Descripción Bibliográfica del UNISIST = UNIBID.* descripción analítica = analytical description.* descripción bibliográfica = bibliographic description.* descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.* Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional (ISBD) = ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description).* Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional - material antiguo (ISBD = ISBD(A) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Antiquarian).* descripción catalográfica = cataloguing description.* Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* descripción de las funciones = job description, job profile.* descripción del contenido = subject statement.* descripción del documento = document description.* descripción del puesto de trabajo = job description, position description, job profile.* descripción del solicitante = personnel description.* descripción de subcampo = subfield description.* descripción documental = document description.* descripción física = physical description, physical details.* descripción global = outline.* hacer una descripción = give + description.* ISBD(S) (Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional para Publicacio = ISBD(S) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Serials).* Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).* niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.* Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).* Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).* * *femenino description* * *= description, disclosure, identification, picture, specification, specifications, profiling, depiction, recounting, portrayal.Ex: The indexing process creates a description of a document or information, usually in some recognized and accepted style of format.
Ex: The patent abstract is a concise statement of the technical disclosure of the patent and must emphasize that which is new in the context of the invention.Ex: The second step towards an index involves the identification of the concepts within a document which are worthy of indexing.Ex: No pretence is made of their being either a balanced or complete picture of the article.Ex: The Working Group was charged with the specification of the procedures and studies needed to undertake the tasks.Ex: The specifications, however, are confined to the overall structure and major functional components of the entry.Ex: Some excursions into cognitive science have led to the profiling of users' backgrounds, differences and immediate need.Ex: Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.Ex: This is a recounting of the technologies most likely to facilitate the sharing of resources among libraries.Ex: Pictorial sources are created by the portrayal of historical events or subjects using, inter alia, a paint brush, drawing-pen, or pencil, graphic techniques or the camera.* área de descripción = area of description.* área de descripción física = physical description area.* Centro Internacional para la Descripción Bibliográfica del UNISIST = UNIBID.* descripción analítica = analytical description.* descripción bibliográfica = bibliographic description.* descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.* Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional (ISBD) = ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description).* Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional - material antiguo (ISBD = ISBD(A) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Antiquarian).* descripción catalográfica = cataloguing description.* Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* descripción de las funciones = job description, job profile.* descripción del contenido = subject statement.* descripción del documento = document description.* descripción del puesto de trabajo = job description, position description, job profile.* descripción del solicitante = personnel description.* descripción de subcampo = subfield description.* descripción documental = document description.* descripción física = physical description, physical details.* descripción global = outline.* hacer una descripción = give + description.* ISBD(S) (Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional para Publicacio = ISBD(S) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Serials).* Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).* niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.* Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).* Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).* * *descriptionhizo una fiel descripción de los hechos she gave an accurate description o account of events* * *
descripción sustantivo femenino
description
descripción sustantivo femenino description
' descripción' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caracterización
- corresponderse
- retratar
- retrato
- seña
- somera
- somero
- viva
- vivo
- calificación
- corresponder
- detallado
- encajar
- exacto
- impresionista
- reseña
- responder
- sensual
- sensualidad
English:
colourful
- delineate
- description
- exact
- fit
- full
- job description
- loose
- match
- sketch
- sketchy
- understatement
- vivid
- with
- answer
- depiction
- job
- portrayal
* * *descripción nfdescription;una descripción de los hechos an account of what happened* * *f description* * ** * *descripción n description -
19 adresser
adresser [adʀese]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. to addressb. ( = envoyer) to send2. reflexive verb• s'adresser à ( = parler à) to speak to ; ( = aller trouver) to go and see ; (dans une administration) to apply to ; ( = viser) to be aimed at• il s'adresse à un public féminin [discours, magazine] it is aimed at a female audience ; [auteur] he writes for a female readership• et cela s'adresse aussi à vous ! and that goes for you too!* * *adʀese
1.
1) ( destiner) to direct [critique, menace] (à at); to put [demande, question] (à to); to make [déclaration]; to deliver [ultimatum, message] (à to); to present [recommandation, pétition] (à to); to put out [appel] (à to); to aim [coup] (à at)2) ( expédier) to send [lettre]3) ( écrire l'adresse) to address [lettre]4) ( diriger) to refer [personne] ( à quelqu'un to somebody)
2.
s'adresser verbe pronominal1) ( parler)2) ( contacter)s'adresser à — to contact [ministère, ambassade]
pour les visas, adressez-vous au consulat — apply to the consulate for visas
3) ( être destiné)s'adresser à — [mesure, invention] to be aimed at; ( toucher)
s'adresser à — to appeal to [instinct, conscience]
4) ( échanger) to exchange [salut, lettres]* * *adʀese vt1) (= expédier) [courrier, colis] to sendadresser qch à qn — to send sb sth, to send sth to sb
Nous vous avons adressé un courrier la semaine dernière. — We sent you a letter last week.
2) (= écrire l'adresse sur) [enveloppe, lettre] to addressCette lettre est incorrectement adressée. — This letter is incorrectly addressed.
Apparemment, ça vous est adressé. — It seems to be addressed to you.
3) [injures, compliments, voeux] to addressadresser la parole à qn — to speak to sb, to address sb
4) (orienter)adresser qn à [docteur, bureau] — to send sb to
* * *adresser verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( destiner) to direct [critique, menace, propos] (à at); to put [demande, question] (à to); to make [déclaration]; to deliver [ultimatum, message, mise en garde] (à to); to present [recommandation, pétition, témoignage] (à to); to put out [appel] (à to); to aim [coup] (à at); cette remarque m'était adressée that remark was directed at me; adresser la parole à qn to speak to sb; adresser un sourire à qn to smile at sb; adresser un sourire complice à qn to give sb a conspiratorial smile; adresser un regard à qn to look at sb; adresser des éloges or louanges à qn to praise sb; adresser la parole à qn to speak to sb;3 ( écrire l'adresse) to address [lettre, colis]; lettre bien/mal adressée correctly/incorrectly addressed letter; adressé à mon nom addressed to me personally;4 ( diriger) to refer [personne] (à qn to sb); adresser un patient à un spécialiste to refer a patient to a specialist.B s'adresser vpr1 ( parler) s'adresser à qn to speak to sb; s'adresser à la foule to speak to ou to address the crowd;2 ( contacter) s'adresser à to contact; s'adresser au consulat to contact the consulate; s'adresser à une firme japonaise to go to a Japanese firm; pour tous renseignements, s'adresser à… for all information, contact…; adressez-vous au guichet 2 go to window 2; adressez-vous au bureau d'information go and ask at the information desk; adresse-toi à ton père ask your father; pour les visas, adressez-vous au consulat apply to the consulate for visas;3 ( être destiné) s'adresser à [mesure, invention] to be aimed at; ( toucher) s'adresser à to appeal to [conscience, instinct];4 ( échanger) to exchange [salut, signe, reproche, lettres]; s'adresser la parole to speak to each other.[adrese] verbe transitif1. [paquet, enveloppe] to addresscette lettre vous est adressée this letter is addressed to you ou has your name on the envelope2. [envoyer]a. [généralement] to address ou to direct something to somebodyb. [par courrier] to send ou to forward something to somebody3. [destiner]adresser quelque chose à quelqu'un [une remarque] to address something to ou to direct something at somebodyil leur adressait des regards furieux he looked at them with fury in his eyes, he shot furious glances at themle clin d'œil m'était sans doute adressé the wink was undoubtedly meant for ou intended for ou aimed at me4. [diriger - personne]————————s'adresser à verbe pronominal plus prépositionle ministre s'adressera d'abord aux élus locaux the minister will first address the local councillorss'adresser à la conscience/générosité de quelqu'un (figuré) to appeal to somebody's conscience/generosity2. [être destiné à] to be meant for ou aimed at3. [pour se renseigner] -
20 cru
I.cru1, e1 [kʀy]adjectivea. ( = non cuit) rawb. [lumière, couleur] harshc. ( = franc) [mot, description, réponse] bluntd. ( = choquant) [histoire, chanson, langage] crudeII.cru2 [kʀy]masculine nouna. ( = vignoble) vineyardb. ( = vin) wineIII.cru3 [kʀy]* * *
1.
crue kʀy adjectif1) Culinaire gén raw; [pâte à tarte] uncooked; [lait] unpasteurizedse faire manger or dévorer tout cru — (colloq) fig to be eaten alive (colloq)
2) ( intense) [lumière, couleur] harsh3) ( direct) [description, réalisme, réponse, termes] blunt; [détail] raw; [représentation] graphic; [vérité] harsh4) ( osé) [langage] crude
2.
1) ( sans ménagement) [parler] bluntly2) ( en équitation)
3.
de grand or du meilleur cru — fig [disque, collection] vintage (épith)
de son (propre) cru — [recette] of one's own invention; [expression] of one's coinage
* * *kʀy cru, -e1. ppSee:2. adj1) (= non cuit) raw2) (lumière, couleur) harsh3) (paroles, langage) crude4) (description) blunt3. nm1) (= vin d'une région traditionnellement viticole) wine (from a specific region)2) (= vin d'une année particulière) (= millésime) vintage3) [café, cacao] variety4) (= vignoble) vineyard5)de son propre cru; de son cru — of one's own devising
6)4. nfSee:* * *A adj1 Culin [viande, poisson, légume] raw; [pâte à tarte] uncooked; [lait] unpasteurized; du fromage au lait cru cheese made with unpasteurized milk; se faire manger or dévorer tout cru○ fig to get eaten alive○;3 ( direct) [description, réalisme, réponse] blunt; [détail] raw; [représentation] graphic; [vérité] harsh; en termes un peu crus in rather blunt terms; répondre de façon crue to answer bluntly; il dit les choses toutes crues○ he says things straight out○;4 ( osé) [langage, plaisanterie] crude;B adv ( sans ménagement) [parler] bluntly; elle le lui a annoncé tout cru! she told him/her straight○!; monter à cru Équit to ride bareback.C nm1 Vin ( vignoble) vineyard; ( vin) un cru a vintage, a growth spéc; un nouveau/grand cru a new/great vintage;2 ( année) vintage year; le cru 1987 the 1987 vintage; de grand or du meilleur cru [disque, collection] vintage ( épith); du cru [vin, spécialités, auteur] local; les gens du cru the locals; de son (propre) cru [procédé, recette] of one's own invention; [terme, expression] of one's coinage;D crue nf ( montée des eaux) rise in water level; ( inondation) flood; il a été emporté par les crues he was swept away by the flood waters; en temps de crue in times of flood; en crue in spate; les crues ont inondé la plaine the plain is flooded ou under water.I( féminin crue) [kry] adjectif[non pasteurisé]beurre/lait cru unpasteurized butter/milkc'est la vérité toute crue it's the pure, unadorned truth————————nom masculin————————adverbe1. [sans cuire]avaler ou manger quelqu'un tout cru to make mincemeat out of ou to wipe the floor with somebody2. [brutalement]————————à cru locution adverbialeII( féminin crue) [kry] participe passé→ link=croire croire[kry] nom masculin————————de mon cru locution adjectivale,de son cru etc. locution adjectivale————————du cru locution adjectivale
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